The element compositions in various locations were examined using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The crystallinity was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and selected area diffraction (SAED). A transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to observe the nanoshapes of ZnS on the ZnO nanorods. ![]() To characterize the ZnO/ZnS nanostructures, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to examine the surface morphologies. 21,33,34 After the cleaning and drying processes, the silicon substrates coated with ZnO nanorods were placed in a solution containing 0.05 M sulfide nanohydrate at 70 ☌ for 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes to form ZnO/ZnS structures on silicon. The details of the solution and procedures can be seen in our previous works. Then, ZnO nanorods were grown hydrothermally on the silicon substrates at 80 ☌ for one hour. The ZnO seed layer was spin coated onto the silicon substrates with a lab-made solution. Then, the silicon substrates were cleansed using the regular radio corporation of America (RCA) cleaning process. Experiments To synthesise grain-like ZnS on ZnO/Si structures, silicon wafers were first cut into 2 cm × 2 cm substrates. The results indicate that the ZnO/ZnS nanostructures on silicon substrates with special morphologies and material properties are promising for future use in optoelectronic, 10,24–27 biomedical, 28–30 and catalytic applications. In order to characterize the ZnO/ZnS nanostructures, several measuring instruments and testing technologies, such as field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), selected area diffraction (SAED), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, contact angle measurement and OD 600 tests, were utilized. In this study, 5 nm grain-like ZnS shells were formed and attached onto ZnO nanorods. Therefore, designing novel distinctive nanostructures for future potential utilization is worthwhile. 23 Modulating or tuning ZnS morphologies and material properties on ZnO nanorods may be useful for optimizing ZnO/ZnS-based nanodevices for future applications. synthesized a uniform ZnS shell coating on ZnO nanorods. fabricated ZnS nanoforests/ZnO nanorods on silicon. So far, some researchers have successfully formed these ZnO/ZnS nanostructures on silicon substrates, for example, Zhang et al. 21 Among these substrates, ZnO/ZnS on silicon substrates have the potential for future integration with silicon-based electronics or silicon-photonics. ![]() 16,19 For the aforementioned applications, ZnO/ZnS nanostructures have been deposited on various substrates such as ITO, 20 GaN, 18 and silicon substrates. 17,18 Moreover, ZnO/ZnS core–shell structures can be synthesized via simple, low cost, fast fabrication and eco-friendly methods. 13,14 Among these nanostructures, ZnO/ZnS core–shell structures have attracted special attention because of their distinguished optical, piezoelectric 15 and gas sensing 16 properties caused by their distinctive ZnO/ZnS band diagrams and interfaces. ![]() 2–4 Recently, nanogeometries incorporating ZnS and ZnO with various geometric designs including nanorods, 5,6 nanoparticles, 7 hollow structures, 8 core–shell structures, 9–12 and Janus structures have been intensively studied. Introduction Owing to the wide direct bandgap properties of ZnS and ZnO compound materials, 1 nanostructures formed by ZnO and ZnS have drawn significant attention for their distinctive short wavelength optical applications and special catalyst properties. The ZnO/ZnS core–shell structures in this research show promise for use in future optoelectronic and biomedical applications. Moreover, the results also indicate that the hydrophobicity could be enhanced as more ZnS nanograins were wrapped onto the ZnO nanorods. ![]() The optical properties changed and the antibacterial behaviors were suppressed as the ZnS shells were attached onto the ZnO nanorods. Furthermore, strong (111) cubic ZnS crystalline structures were confirmed using high resolution transmission electron microscopy, selected area diffraction, and X-ray diffraction. Compared with previous studies, ZnO nanorods encapsulated by 5 nm ZnS nanograins were observed using a scanning electron microscope. A distinctive novel ZnO/ZnS core–shell structure on silicon was reported in this study.
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